Li Siguang Geological Science Award

This is a science award established in 1989 to honour Li Siguang's outstanding achievement and his patriotism, as well as to encourage geoscientists to contribute to the socialist modernisation and the advancement of science and technology. The Li Siguang Geological Science Award consists of four awards: The Li Siguang Geological Science Field Geologist Award, The Li Siguang Geological Science Research Award, The Li Siguang Geological Science Teacher of Geology Award and the The Li Siguang Geological Science Honor Award.

Paleobiology & Archaeology

Contemporary paleontology is a combination of life science, earth science and environmental science. Paleontology and archaeology are two closely related fields of scientific study. Despite their many similarities, they have very different goals. While paleontologists study animal fossils, archaeologists study only human artefacts and their remains. Fossils studied by paleontologists and archaeologists include bones, shells, body impressions, wood and so on. Paleontologists study these objects to learn about life forms that existed on Earth for thousands or millions of years ago, while archaeologists study theise objects to understand the life and history of human civilizations.

Difficult Journey

According to research by the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, the Difficult Journey is the first solo violin piece in China composed by geologist Li Siguang in Paris in the 20th November, 1919. He described how he and the intellectuals of his generation yearned to pursue a bright future even though they knew the road ahead would be humpy, as well as their patriotic feelingsand ideals of returning to serve the motherland after their studies. Please press the note key on the screen to enjoy the music played by Mr. Marco Chan.

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of climatic and physical regionalization, and studied climate change in China over the past five millennia. During his 13 years as President of Zhejiang University, starting from 1936, Zhu Kezhen was keen to develop the University, conduct scientific research, improve academic and teaching standards and cultivate a good academic culture, making Zhejiang University a first-class China institution of higher education.

Climate Regionalization

Climate regionalization is the use of indicators to classify the climate of the world or a region according to the purpose of the study and the climatic requirements of different industrial sectors through relevant indicators, and classifying areas with similar climates into one zone and areas with different climates into another zone, resulting in several levels of zoning units.

Natural Regionalization

Natural regionalization is a way of classifying different areas of the planet according to their natural environment and ecological features. Natural regionalization helps us to understand the diversity and patterns of the Earth and to protect valuable natural resources. For example, the administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of China, including provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, divided according to demographic, political and economic factors. However, if we apply natural regionalization and divided them based on factors such as climate, topography, vegetation, animals, etc. we can obtain different natural regions, such as the Northeastern Plain, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the grasslands of Inner Mongolia.

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Wu Youxun, Physicist

Wu Youxun (1897-1977) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a pioneer and one of the founders of modern physics research in China, known as the "Founding Father of Chinese Physics Research".

Wu Youxun's major contribution was his research on X-rays, in particular scattering and absorption, which made him internationally famous. During the 1920s, he studied in the United States under the renowned American physicist Arthur Compton. During his research on X-ray scattering, Wu Youxun experimentally verified the Compton Effect. After returning to China from the United States, Wu set up the first modern physics research laboratory in China at Tsinghua University, pioneering the development of physics in China, and is regarded as one of the pioneers and founders of physics research in China. In addition to his great contributions to the advancement of science in China, Wu was also an educator, teaching students through his life. Famous physicists such as Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang were some of Wu's students.

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Hua Luogeng, Mathematician

Hua Luogeng (1910-1985), known as Hua Lookeng, was a membro of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a self-taught mathematician. He was the founder and pioneer of many aspects of Chinese research in analytical number theory, typical groups and matrix geometry. He received the State Natural Science Award. The asteroid with the international number 364875 was named after Hua‘s name as "364875 Hualookeng".

Hua made outstanding achievements in the fields of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, self-consistent function theory, multivariable function theory, partial differential equations and high-dimensional numerical integration. He obtained outstanding results in solving the problem of estimating Gaussian complete trigonometric sums, improving the Waring and Tarry problem, proving the fundamental theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry, and studying the application of modern numerical methods. His international research achievements in mathematics include Hua's Theorem, Hua's Inequality and Hua-Wang Method.

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Lin Qiaozhi, Physician

Lin Qiaozhi (1901-1983) was the first female member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Medial PhD of the Peking Union Medical College. She was a key pioneer and founder of modern obstetrics and gynaecology in China and made important contributions to clinical practice, scientific research and teaching.

In her early years, Lin Qiaozhi was involved in the study of intrauterine respiration in foetuses and conducted in-depth research on the occurrence and development of trophoblastic tumours, as well as the occurrence and treatment of female pelvic tuberculosis and carried out a lot of works, like science popularization and matermal and child health protection. In the 1970s, she established China's first prenatal consultation clinic for genetic diseases and a laboratory for genetic diseases at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and in the 1980s, she led the compilation of a medical book entitled

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Zhang Yuzhe, Astronomer

Zhang Yuzhe (1902-1986), known as Yu-Che Chang, was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a astronomer and a founder of modern Chinese astronomy. His research on asteroids, comets, eclipses, stellar astronomy, spaceflight and the history of Chinese astronomy made outstanding contributions to the development of modern astronomy in China. In honour of his outstanding contributions to astronomy, the asteroid with the international number 2051 was named after Zhang’s name as "2051 Chang". In addition, an impact crater on the far side of the Moon’s surface has been named "Zhang Yuzhe".

He was the discoverer of the "1125 China" asteroid. He took and led to shoot the precise positions of more than 7000 asteroids and comets, and successively discovered more than 1000 asteroids and 3 new comets named "Tsuchinshan". In 1957, he published China’s first paper on artificial satellite orbits, applying the basic theory of celestial mechanics to study the orbital problems of artificial satellites. He pioneered and led research in various fields of astronomy, achieving many important results. He also did a lot of work in the study of the history of astronomy, the development of astronomical instruments and the popularisation of astronomy.

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Hou Debang, Chemical Engineer

Hou Debang (1890-1974) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a distinguished chemist and the founder of the Hou’s Process for Alkali Production. He was the pioneer of the heavy chemical industry in China, a founder of the Chinese chemical industry as well as a leading authority in the world on alkali production.

Soda ash (sodium carbonate) is an important chemical raw material used in the glass, paper, textile and steel manufacturing industries. Hou Debang improved the Solvay process and successfully developed the combined alkali production method, also known as the Hou’s Process for Alkali Production. It is characterised by combining the Solvay process with the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, which simplifies production facilities, avoids the by-product calcium chloride in the production process of Solvay soda, and can also recycle ammonium chloride for use as fertiliser, making it more

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The difference between soda ash, baking soda, edible soda and industrial soda

1. Soda ash: chemical name sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃). It is harmless to the human body and has no nutrition. It can be used for medicine. Compared with baking soda, it is more alkaline and can neutralize acidity.
2. Baking soda: The chemical name is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), and its alkalinity is lower than that of soda ash. Baking soda can decompose at room temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the decomposition rate and the more bubbles. The decomposed components are sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), water and carbon dioxide, which are also harmless to the human body.
3. Traditional edible alkali: the main ingredients are sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), a small amount of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and other edible ingredients. The alkalinity of edible soda is lower than that of soda ash and higher than that of baking soda, but the alkalinity is still high, so it should not be added too much when eating.
4. Industrial alkali: the main ingredient is sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), but it contains many harmful and inedible impurities.

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Agriculture

Agriculture refers to an important sector of the national economy, including crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry; in a narrower sense, agriculture refers to farming, which includes the production of crops such as food crops, cash crops, feed crops and green manure. Agriculture covers a vast area of the earth's surface, except for the poles and deserts, and can be used for almost all agricultural production.

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Xiong Qinglai Scholarship

To commemorate mathematician Xiong Qinglai and to promote his spirit of scientific research, the Xiong Qinglai Scholarship was established at Yunnan University in 1989 on the initiative of Xiong's widow to encourage diligent study, all-round development and success of students.

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The Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), established in Beijing in 1949, is the highest academic institution in science and technology in the People's Republic of China, the national natural science and high-tech comprehensive research and development center, and a ministerial-level institution directly under the State Council. The Chinese Academy of Sciences consists of six Divisions (Mathematical Physics, Chemistry, Life Sciences and Medicine, Earth Sciences, Information Technology Sciences, and Techological Sciences). By the end of April 2023, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has 824 members and 128 foreign members, exculding 705 deceased members.

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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine that specialises in the clinical study of the digestive system (the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus) and related disorders. Diseases of the digestive system are very common in clinical practice and can be confined to the digestive system, but can also affect other systems of the body or even the whole body. Likewise, diseases of other body systems and psychological factors can also cause digestive disorders and symptoms.

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Treatise on Architectural Methods or State Building Standards

This is the first official book in China to discuss construction engineering practices in detail, edited by Li Jie, the general supervisor of the Northern Song Dynasty. The book regulates various building practices and sets out detailed requirements for the design, use of materials, structure and proportions of various buildings. The greatest significance of the book’s publication at that time in the Northern Song dynasty was its strict limitation on the use of materials, which effectively eliminated corruption and theft in civil engineering. In modern times, this book fills an important gap in the development of ancient Chinese architecture, allowing us to understand old buildings when fewer physical objects survived.

Jiangzuojian

Jiangzuojian was an ancient Chinese institution responsible for the construction of government buildings such as palaces, temples and tombs. It was also responsible for the organization of the construction work and the day-to-day management of the craftsmen who worked for the government.

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Liang Xi, Forester

Liang Xi (1883-1958) was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a forester, and a forestry educator. He pioneered the chemistry and industry of forest poducts and proposed the direction of forestry construction for the comprehensive development of forestry and the greening of China.

Liang Xi put forward the idea of comprehensive developing forestry, bringing into full play the multiple benefits of forests and serving the national economy. He personally conducted in-depth research and formulated the guidelines and construction plans for forestry in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and initially established a forestry administration, scientific research, education and production systems nationwide, promoting the vigorous development of China's forestry industry. He also conducted long

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Mao Yisheng, Civil Engineer

Mao Yisheng (1896-1989) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a civil engineer and an expert in bridge engineering. He was a pioneer of modern bridge engineering, railway technology and soil mechanics in China. The asteroid with the international number 18550 was named after Mao‘s name as " 18550 Maoyisheng".

In the 1930s, Mao Yisheng presided over the design and construction of the Qiantang River highway-railway bridge, which became a milestone in the history of railway bridge construction in China. From 1955 to 1957, he led the design and construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the first highway-railway bridge in China to cross the Yangtze River. The bridge is a double-deck steel truss bridge with a total length of 1,670.4 metres. It connects the Beijing-Han Railway with the Yue-Han Railway, which is the main transport artery

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Yan Jici, Physicist

Yan Jici (1901-1996) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a physicist and one of the pioneers of modern physics research in China, with significant contributions to Chinese education and science and technology. The asteroid with the international number 10611 was named after Yan‘s name as " 10611 Yanjici ".

He was one of the founders of optical research and the development of optical instruments in China, with outstanding achievements in the fields of piezoelectric crystallography, spectroscopy, atmospheric physics, the effect of pressure on photographic emulsions and the development of optical instruments. He trained several generations of scientific talent for China and was the author of many textbooks from junior high school to university level. He was involved in the founding of the University of Science and Technology of China, where he restructured academic structure to include new departments and majors in emerging technologies and created the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), the first large-scale scientific project at a Chinese university. He also founded China's first graduate school, which produced China's first batch of PhDs after the Reform and Opening of China.

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Zhou Peiyuan, Physicist

Zhou Peiyuan (1902-1993) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of The Jiusan Society, a theoretical physicist and one of the founders of modern Chinese mechanics. His most important contribution to the field of fluid mechanics was the derivation of the Reynolds Stress Transport Equation.

His lifelong research in fundamental theories of physics and fluid mechanics has led to fruitful studies in gravitational theory, cosmology and turbulence theory in fluid mechanics. He was enaged in university education for more than 60 years and has trained several generations of mechanists and physicists, and is the author of"Theoretical Mechanics" and"The Collected Works of Zhou Peiyuan". In his education and scientific research, Zhou Peiyuan emphasised fundamental theories but also supported research into new technologies, and made important contributions in organising and leading activities in China's academic community and in promoting exchanges and cooperation within and outside China. At Peking University, Zhou Peiyuan supported and personally led the development and sudcessful completion of the Huaguang computerized laser Chinese character editing and typesetting system, resulting in a major breakthrough in Chinese printing.

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Bei Shizhang, Biophysicist

Bei Shizhang (1903--2009) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a biologist and an educator. He was one of the founders of Chinese cytology and embryology, and a pioneer of biophysics. The asteroid with the international number 36015 was named after Bei’s name as "36015 Beishizhang".

His main research include animal development, cell constants, regeneration, mesogenesis, sexual transformation, chromosome structure, cellular reconstruction, insect endocrine glands, and crustacean oculomotor hormones. He was particularly renowned for his research on cellular reconstruction. He established the Department of Biology at Zhejiang University, the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Department of Biophysics at the University of Science and Technology of China. He also organized a number of research projects on monitoring natural background radiation during nuclear tests, monitoring the long term radiation effects on animals during and after nuclear tests, and biological sounding rockets. His research works made outstanding contributions to life science and manned aerospace industry in China.

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Qian Xuesen, Applied Mechanics, Aerospace & Systems Engineer

Qian Xuesen (1911-2009) was a senior member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, an aerodynamicist and systems scientist, and a pioneer in engineering cybernetics. He was awarded the honorary title of "State Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorous Medal. The asteroid with the international number 3763 was named after Qian‘s name as "3763 Qianxuesen".

Qian Xuesen returned to China in the mid-1950s to serve as the Founder of China’s Aerospace Industry. He led the completion of the "Jet and Rocket Technology Establishment" program, participated in the development of short-range missiles, medium- and short-range missiles, and China's first artificial

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Artificial Satellite

Artificial satellite is an unmanned spacecraft orbiting the earth in space. Artificial satellite basically moves around the Earth according to the laws of astrodynamics, but its actual motion is very complex due to the effects of the non-spherical Earth's gravitational field, atmospheric drag, solar and lunar gravities, and light pressure in different orbit. Man-made satellite is the most numerous, most versatile and fastest growing spacecraft, accounting for over 90% of all spacecraft launches.

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bombs. In addition, Hou Xianglin scientifically analysed the current situation and trends of China’s and the world’s oil and gas resources, and put forward policy recommendations for their sustainable development.

Hou Xianglin Petroleum Processing Science and Technology Award

This award is presented annually to encourage outstanding young people to pursue undergraduate studies in the field of petrochemical engineering in China’s higher education institutions. It also aims to motivate master’s and doctoral students, postdoctoral researchers and young scientists under the age of 35 in the field of petrochemical engineering in China’s research institutes and universities to dedicate themselves to the development of China’s petrochemical industry.

Chinese Academy of Engineering

The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) is the most prestigious and advisory academic institution in China’s engineering science and technology community. It is composed of academicians who are dedicated to the advancement of engineering science and technology. The CAE has nine divisions: Mechanical and Transportation Engineering; Information and Electronic Engineering; Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Energy and Mining Engineering; Civil, Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering; Environmental and Light Textile Engineering; Agriculture; Medicine and Health; and Management Science and Engineering.

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Qian Sanqiang, Nuclear Physicist

Qian Sanqiang (1913 - 1992) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a nuclear physicist. He was one of the main founders and leaders of China’s nuclear industry and awarded the Tow Bombs, One Satillete Meritorious Medal for his contributions to the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" Project. The asteroid with the international number 25240 was nameed after Qian’s name as "25240 Qiansanqiang".

Qian Sanqiang was responsible for a number of important achievements in nuclear physics research. In particular, he discovered and scientifically explained the phenomenon of triple and quadruple fission of heavy atomic nuclei. In the 1950s, Qian Sanqiang led the construction of China’s first heavy water atomic reactor and the first cyclotron, as well as a number of important instruments and equipment, laid the foundation for further development of nuclear science and technology. In the 1960s, he organized a group of

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Wang Ganchang, Nuclear Physicist

Wang Ganchang (1907-1998) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one of the pioneers of nuclear physics in China, the founder of Inertial Confinement Fusion Research in China, and one of the main researching leaders involved in the development of nuclear weapons in China. He is regarded as the "Father of Chinese Nuclear Weapons" and the "Father of Chinese Atomic Bomb", and received the State Natural Science Award, the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award and the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal. The asteroid with the international number 14558 was named after Wang‘s name as " 14558 Wangganchang ".

In 1941, Wang proposed an experimental programme for the detection of neutrinos. In the 1950s, he led the establishment of Luoxueshan Cosmic Rays Research Center in Yunnan and observed interaction between cosmic rays and matter, collecting as many as 700 examples of strange particles, bringing China’s cosmic ray research to the forefront of the international community. During his time at the former Soviet Union's Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Wang led a research group that discovered anti Σ- hyperon, a type of antiparticle. In the 1960s, he proposed the idea of laser inertia-constrained nuclear fusion, which was proved experimentally. In March 1986,

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Zhao Jiuzhang, Atmospheric Physicist

Zhao Jiuzhang (1907-1968) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a renowned scientist, a meteorologist, a geophysicist and a space physicist, a pioneer and one of the founders of China's artificial satellite program, and a recipient of the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award and posthumously awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal. The asteroid with the international number 7811 was named after Zhao‘s name as "7811 Zhaojiuzhang".

Zhao Jiuzhang made important contributions to the development of atmospheric science, geophysics and space science, moving Chinese meteorological science from qualitative description to numerical prediction, and introducing mathematics and physics to Chinese meteorology for the first time. He achieved groundbreaking research results on the analysis of air masses, the thermodynamics of the trade winds, atmospheric long-wave baroclinic instability, semi-permanent centres of atmospheric activity, charged particles and the physical mechanisms of magnetic fields in outer space. He founded a number of earth science research institutes and opened up new research areas, such as meteorological balloon exploration, ozone observation,

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Guo Yonghuai, Aerodynamicist

Guo Yonghuai (1909-1968) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a renowned fluid physicist. He was one of the 23 scientists awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal, for his contributions to China's experiments on nuclear bombs, missiles and artificial Earth satellites, and the only scientist among the honourees to receive the title of "Martyr", as he and his guards were protecting the newly acquired hydrogen bomb experimental data at the time of his death in a plane accident. The asteroid with the international number 212796 was named after Guo‘s name as " 212796 Guoyonghuai ".

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Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics is a branch of mechanics that studies the force characteristics of aircraft or other objects in relative motion with air or other gases, the flow patterns of gases and the accompanying physical and chemical changes. It is based on the fluid mechanics, which has evolved with the development of the aviation industry and jet propulsion technology.

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independent research and design of nuclear weapons. He led the theoretical calculations for China's first atomic bomb and participated in the explosion simulation tests before conducting the nuclear test. He also led the research on the design principles of hydrogen bombs and the selection of technical approaches, and participated in the development and testing of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967. Deng made important contribution to the organization and development of China's nuclear weapons.

Equation of State

The equation of state, known as state equation, expresses the relationship between a numbers of state function parameters in a thermodynamic system. For example, given the temperature, pressure, volume and internal energy, the equation of state can describe the state of a substance under this particular physical condition. Equations of state are useful in describing fluids, mixed fluids, solids and even in studying the interiors of stars.

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the development of China's nuclear science and technology as well as national defence.

State Scientific and Technological Progress Award

The State Scientific and Technological Progress Award is awarded to Chinese citizens and organisations who have made creative contributions to technological research, development, innovation, promotion and application of advanced scientific and technological achievement, promotion of high-tech industrialization, and compleion of major scientific and technological projects and programmes.

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phototypesetting system, laying the foundation for the computerisation of the entire process of journalism and publishing, which has been hailed as "the second invention of Chinese character printing".

Bi Sheng Printing Award

The Bi Sheng Printing Award, nickmamed the " Oscar" of the Chinese printing industry, is presented every two years to those who have made outstanding contributions to printing technology, equipment and materials research and development, business management and education.

State Preeminent Science and Technology Award

Established in 2000, this highest honour in China’s science and technology sector is awarded to scientists and technologists who have made significant breakthroughs in the frontiers of contemporary science and technology, or who have made outstanding achievements in the development of science and technology, or who have created great economic or social benefits in the innovation of science and technology, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements or the industrialisation of high technology. The State Preeminent Science and Technology Award is given once a year to no more than two recipients. The President of the People’s Republic of China will personally sign and present the award with also a certificate of honour and a grant.

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Geology

Geology is the study of the material composition of the Earth, its internal structure, external features, interactions between layers and its evolutionary history. Its main object of study is the solid hard crust of Earth’ solid the crust or lithosphere. As the studies of the Earth and its evolution, geology is one of the five fundamental disciplines of natural science, along with mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology.

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Jiu San Society

The Jiusan Society is one of China's eight major non-Communist political parties. Founded in 1945, it is composed mainly of senior and mid-level intellectuals engaged in science, technology, culture, education, and medical and health care. The Society accepts the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and is a close ally of the Communist Party of China.

Wheat

Wheat is a plant belonging to the grass family. It is a cereal crop that is widely grown around the world. Wheat can be milled into flour for bread, buns, biscuits and noodles, and fermented to make liquor or biofuel. Wheat is one of the three major grains in the world and is used almost entirely for food, with only about one sixth being used as animal feed. China was one of the earliest countries to grow wheat.

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Ye Qisun Prize

Established in 1987 by the Chinese Physical Society, the Ye Qisun Physics Prize is awarded every two years to no more than two Chinese physicists who have made outstanding contributions to the condensed matter physics.

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source in summer, which led to the study of the thermal effects of large terrain and the meteorology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; he proposed and initiated a series of studies on seasonal synoptic changes in the Northern Hemisphere atmospherc circulation. In the 1960s, he made important contributions to the theory of adaptation of atmospheric wind and pressure fields. In the late 1970s, he actively organized and led the research on climate change in China. His simulations showed that the impact of extensive irrigation on climate and hydrology could be as long as 3-6 months, thus demonstrating the potential for human activities to affect climate.

International Meteorological Organization Prize

The International Meteorological Organization (IMO) Prize is the highest honour awarded to elites in the global meteorological community, known as the "Nobel Prize for Meteorology". It is presented annually in recognition of outstanding contributions to the meteorological, hydrological and geophysical sciences worldwide.

Atmospheric Physics

Atmospheric physics is the study of the physical phenomena, phyaical processes and their evolutionary pattern in the atmosphere, and is a branch of atmospheric science. It focuses on the study of sound, light, electricity, radiation processes, cloud and precipitation physics, near-surface atmospheric physics, stratospheric and mesospheric atmospheric physics. It is not only a part of fundamental theory of atmospheric science, but a part of environmental science.

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Wang Daheng, Optical Physicist

Wang Daheng (1915-2011) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an optical physicist. He was one of founders of modern Chinese optical industry and knowed as the "Father of Chinese Optical Engenerring", received the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award and the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal. The asteroid with the international number 17693 was named after Wang‘s name as "17693 Wangdaheng".

In the 1950s, Wang founded the Institute of Instrumentation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which later developed into the Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics. His early work at the Institute led to the development of a range of new optical glasses, electron microscopes and large scale spectrometers, making the institute an internationally renowned research and development base for applied optics and optical engineering. In 1986, Wang Daheng, along with Wang Ganchang, Chen Fangyun and Yang Jiachi, wrote a letter to the Chinese government advocating the State High-Tec Research and Development Program, which gave birth to the Project 863. He also worked with Wang Ganchang to initiate the construction of key equipment for laser nuclear fusion. In 1992, he and five other members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences initiated the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

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Huang Kun, Solid-State and Semiconductor Physicist

Huang Kun (1919-2005) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a solid-state physicist and semiconductor physicist, and also a fellow of the World Academy of Sciences. He is one of the pioneers of semiconductor physics research in China and the recipient of the 2001 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. The asteroid with the international number 48636 was named after Huang’s name as "48636 Huangkun".

Huang Kun proposed the theory of diffuse X-ray scattering of dilute solid solutions and the phenomenological equation of crystal optical vibration. He predicted the coupled vibrational modes of the optical phonon and electromagnetic fields of crystals, known as "Huang Scattering" and "Huang Equation". He also developed the theory of multiphonon transitions caused by lattice relaxation (including optical transitions and nonradiative transitions). The theory of multiple phonon transitions (including optical transitions and radiation-free transitions), known as the "Huang-Pekar Theory", was developed. He also proposed an effective solution to the optical vibration model of semiconductor superlattices and clarified the key points of its optical vibration mode, which is called "Huang-Zhu Model".

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Yu Min, Nuclear Physicist

Yu Min (1926 - 2019) was a nuclear weapons scientist, nuclear physicist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Frist Prize of the State Natural Science Award, the State Preeminente Science and Technology Award, the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal and the Medal of the Republic. He is known as the "Father of the Chinese Hydrogen Bomb" for his great contribution to the development of the hydrogen bomb in China.

Yu Min began his theoretical research on nuclear weapons in the 1960s. Due to the confidential nature of his work, his name was not declassified until 1988, and his real identity was not declassified until 1999, when he was awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal. Yu solved a series of fundamental problems with the principles of thermonuclear weapons principles during his research on the hydrogen bombs, and he proposed a complete design for the production of hydrogen bombs from principle to construction. He then led and participated in theoretical research on nuclear weapons over a long period of time and made important contributions to the development of nuclear weapons in China.

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Chen Jingrun, Mathematician

Chen Jingrun (1933 - 1996) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a mathematician. He was awarded the Hua Luogeng Mathematics Prize and the State Natural Science Award. The asteroid with the international number 7681 was named after Chen‘s name as " 7681 Chenjingrun".

Chen mainly engaged in research on analytic number theory and made important achievements in the study of Goldbach’s conjecture. In the 1950s, he made important improvements to the Gaussian circle problem, the Tarry problem and the Waring problem. In the 1960s, he began his attempts to prove Goldbach’s conjecture by Sieve theory. In 1966, he succeeded in proving the "1+2" of the conjecture. He pushed forward the proof of Goldbach’s conjecture, which had remained unsolved for more than 200 years, and this result was known as "Chen’s Theorem" in the word. In 1973, he completed the detailed proof of "1+2" and improved the numerical results of 1966. In 1978,

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Liu Dongsheng, Geologist

Liu Dongsheng (1917—2008), known as Tung-Sheng Liu, was a senior member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the World Academy of Sciences, and a member of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. He was a Chinese environmental geologist, known as the "Father of Loess", and received the State Peeminent Science and Technology Award as well as the first Chinese to receive the Taylor Prize for Environmental Achievement. The asteroid with the international number 58605 was named after Liu‘s name as "58605 Liutungsheng".

During his lifetime of earth science research, Liu settled for more than 170 years old the debate over the origin of loess, established the most complete terrestrial paleoclimate record of the past 2.5 million years, and in his nearly 60 years of geological research, he made numerous achievements in the fields of Chinese vertebrate palaeontology, Quaternary geology, environmental science , environmental geology, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and polar research, and especially in the study of loess. He founded the science of loess, which has led China to become one of the world's leading countries in Quaternary research and paleoglobal change research.

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Cheng Kaijia, Physicist

Cheng Kaijia (1918 - 2018) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a theoretical physicist and an expert in nuclear weapons technology. He was one of the pioneers and key figures in Chinese nuclear weapon development and one of the founders of China’s nuclear test scientific and technological system. He was also awarded the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award, the Two Bomb, One Satellite Meritorious Medal, the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, and the August 1 Medal.

Cheng Kaijia successfully designed and led many tests including the first atomic and hydrogen bombs, missile nuclear weapons and underground nuclear tests, and created China's own systematic nuclear explosion theory and effects research. Cheng led, participated in and directed a comprehensive review of the nuclear explosion effects, which laid a solid foundation for the applicaton of nuclear weapons. He was also the scientist who directed the largest number of nuclear tests in China and was known as the "Nuclear Commander ". He not only pioneered, planned and led research in new areas of radiation resistant reinforcement technology, but also initated a new field of directed energy and high power microwave research in China. He published China's first monograph"Solid-state Physics" which has played an important role in the teaching and scientific research of solid-state physics in China.

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Wu Wenjun, Mathematician

Wu Wenjun (1919-2017) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the World Academy of Sciences and a mathematician. He was the founder of mathematical mechanisation research in China. He received the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award and the Shaw Prize. The asteroid with the international number 7683 was named after Wu‘s name as " 7683 Wuwenjun".

Wu's research covered many areas of mathematics, with his major achievements in the fields of topology and mathematical mechanisation. He also did pioneering work on topology. His work on schematic and embedding classes is internationally known as "Wu's Formula", "Wu's Schematic Class", "Wu's Embedding Class", and "Wu's Elimination Method" are still widely quoted by international colleagues. After 1974, Wu turned to computerised algorithms and machine proofs of geometric theorems, which revolutionised the field. His "Wu's Method" had a huge impact on the international field of automatic reasoning. His work is currently used in popular international symbolic computation software.

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Yuan Longping, Agronomist

Yuan Longping (1930-2021) was a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a foreign member of the American Academy of Sciences and an agronomist. His was an expert in hybrid rice breeding in China, known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice", and awarded the State preeminent Science and Technology Award, the World Food Prize, the Wolf Prize for Agriculture, the Future Science Award and the Republic Medal. The asteroid with the international number 8117 was named after Yuan‘s name as " 8117 Yuanlongping".

In 1953, Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agricultural College and was assigned to teach at the Anjiang Agricultural School in Hunan Province. After witnessing three years of famine in Hunan, Yuan decided to study agricultural food production and his research on hybrid rice varieties from the 1960s to the 1970s led to a dramatic increase in rice production in China. Between the 1970s and 2000s, Yuan’s rice research, supported by of the State Science and

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